GrammarB2Pseudo-cleft Sentences

Pseudo-cleft Sentences

Sentence Structure~10 min

Learning Objectives

  • Form What + clause + is/are + focus
  • Match is/are with the emphasised element

Recommended before this lesson

What you'll learn

By the end of this lesson, you'll be able to use "What + clause + is/are..." to focus attention on one element.

When do I use it?

A pseudo-cleft sentence uses "What..." as the subject. It is a powerful way to highlight information:

  • "What I need is a holiday." (focus: a holiday)
  • "What surprised me was his honesty." (focus: his honesty)
  • "What we should do is call them." (focus: the action)

The "What + clause" part is the subject, and it is followed by is/are (matching the emphasised element).

How do I form it?

Structure

What + clause + is/are + emphasised element What + clause + is + to + verb / -ing

  • What I love most about the city is the food.
  • What they want is more time.
  • What you should remember is to stay calm.
  • What we did was wait for instructions.

Common mistakes for Spanish speakers

Warning

Spanish "lo que necesito es..." matches the structure well, but speakers often drop the "What" ("I need is a break") or keep Spanish word order ("lo que yo necesito" → "what I need I..."). Keep "What + subject + verb" as the opener. And after "is", use the correct form: with a noun it's "is a holiday"; with a verb, "is to wait" or "was waiting", never a bare "wait".

Hint

What + clause + is/are + the focus. The clause is the subject.

Practice

Multiple Choice

B2

Which sentence is correct?

Fill in the Blank

B2

What surprised me his calm voice.

Hint: 'What surprised me' is a singular subject, so use 'was'.

Find the Error

B2
Click on the incorrect word:

Sentence Transformation

B2
Original
I really want a cup of coffee.

Task: Rewrite with 'What I want is...'

Hint: What + clause + is + the focus.

Practice Speaking

Apply what you've learned in a real conversation with AI feedback.

Level: B2